In this paper, considerations that should be factored into the grounding scheme design for SST ports with different voltage forms and levels are thoroughly reviewed and summarised. Extra levels of electromagnetic interference, stray current, and personnel safety are among the most prominent practical issues that proper grounding arrangements can address. The introduction of these power electronics devices in distribution systems, however, also brings new challenges to the grid. They have a massive potential to help reduce size and weight, improve efficiency, integrate microgrids, renewables and energy storages in distribution systems, and can fulfil multiple grid functions such as bidirectional power flow control, fault isolation, system reconfiguration, and post‐fault restoration. Future challenges that would allow a successful and adequate implementation of circuit breakers in DCMGs are also presented.Ībstract Proposed to be the critical enabling component for future distribution networks, solid‐state transformers (SSTs) have drawn much attention lately. It was found that although modern circuit breakers have begun to be commercially available, many of them are still under development consequently, some traditional fuses and MCBs are still common in DCMGs, but under certain restrictions or limitations.
Their evolution is presented highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of each device. In general terms, this paper presents a review concerning the evolution of circuit breakers used in DCMGs, focusing on fuses, mechanical circuit breakers (MCBs), solid-state circuit breakers (SSCBs), and hybrid circuit breakers (HCBs). Therefore, a review on the evolution of circuit breakers for DCMGs is of utmost importance. In recent years, proposals for new circuit-breaker features have grown. This paper deals with circuit breakers (CBs) used in direct current microgrids (DCMGs) for protection against electrical faults, focusing on their evolution and future challenges in low voltage (<1.5 kV) and medium voltage (between 1.5 kV and 20 kV).
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